2.非谓语动词
2.1 非谓语动词一览表
非谓语动词 形式 意义 现在分词 一 般 式 doing 主动 ，正在进行 被 动 式 being done 被动 ，正在进行 完成主动式 having done 主动 ，已经完成 完成被动式 having been done 被动 ，已经完成 过去分词 done 被动 ，已经完成 动词不定式 一 般 式 to do 主动 ，将要进行 被 动 式 to be done 被动 ，将要进行 完成主动式 to have done 主动 ，已经完成 进行主动式 to be doing 主动 ，正在进行
2.2. 非谓语动词作状语
动词不定式：1）目的状语；2）结果状语
I came here to meet you. （目的）
He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （结果）
分词：1） 伴随状语；2）原因状语；3）条件状语 4）让步状语；5）时间状语
Walking along the street，he met his old friend. （时间）
Being very tired，my father didn't go out with us. （原因）
Made by hand，the silk shirt is very expensive. （原因）
Seen from the space，the earth looks like a blue ball. （条件）
2.3 非谓语动词，状语从句和独立结构
1） Having done their homework，the children began to play. （分词作状语）
2） After having done their homework，the children began to play. （连词+分词）
3） After they had done their homework，the children began to play. （状语从句）
4） With homework done，the children began to play. （独立结构）
2.4 非谓语动词作定语
1） If there is no choice，there is no decision ___ （make）。 （to be made）
2） Do you know the man ____ （ stand） in front of the house？ （standing）
3） The question ____ （discuss） at the moment is very important. （being discussed）
4） The bridge ____ （build） in the 1950s is still in good condition. （built）
2.5 动名词和动词不定式
作主语和表语
动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的情况；动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况。
Rising early is good for health.
To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.
It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow.
My biggest wish is to go abroad.
Seeing is believing.
作宾语
接动名词作宾语的动词：
admit，acknowledge，avoid，appreciate，consider，delay，enjoy，escape，excuse，forgive，finish，include，involve，mind，put off，postpone，suggest，feel like，look forward to，be used to，be accustomed to，etc.
接动词不定式作宾语的动词：
want，tend，intend，pretend，hope，plan，expect，be supposed to，seem，be likely to，used to，be willing to，desire，force，prefer，start，begin
接动名词和动词不定式有不同含义的动词：
1） forget，remember，regret
2） stop，continue
3） need/ want
4） allow doing/ allow sb to do
（1） How can I forget meeting you for the first time？
Sorry，I forgot to lock the door.
（2） I can't stop laughing. Can you stop to give me a hand？
（3） The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.
（4） We don't allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.