anti-slavery anti- 表反对，抗，排斥
anti-SARS 抗非典的 anti-Virus 反病毒的
sentiment的同义词：feeling，但前者指比较细腻的感情；而feeling一般指感觉
spontaneous：a.自发的，本能的，自动的
Her speech seemed spontaneous， but was in fact carefully prepared beforehand.
她的演讲看起来是即兴的，但实际上事先经过了精心准备。
A crowd of people gathered spontaneously at the scene of the accident.
一群人自发地聚集在事故现场。
a group of 一群
originate vt.
original a. 独到的
originality n. 独创，原始
Negro＝black people 黑人 ；white people 白人
readily ： 乐意地，很快地，容易地
The younger mechanic readily fixed the car. 年轻的机修工很快地把车修好了。
She readily accepted his proposal of marriage.她乐意地接受了他的求婚。
词根：-less ，-ic， -cs
thereby：adv. 由此，从而
She wished to travel abroad and thereby she could learn about different customs.
她希望能去国外旅游，从而了解不同的风俗习惯。
He became a citizen， thereby gaining the right to vote. 他成了一名公民，由此获得了选举权。
passive ： 被动的，消极的
反义词：active a. 积极的，活跃的
You are passive when you allow things to happen， but do nothing . 当你让这些事发生，而不做任何事来阻止它，你是消极的。
participant ： 参加者，参与者
派生词：participate v. 参加，参与；participation n. 参加
All participants finishing the race will receive a medal. 所有完成比赛的参与者都将得到一枚奖牌。相关用法：participate in 参与
We should actively participate in the mass sports activities. 我们应该积极参加群众性体育活动。
1.to take place： 发生
take place = happen
Great changes have taken place over the past 20 years. 在过去的20年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。
The strike didn‘t take place after all. 罢工没有发生。
区别：take place 与take the place of
take place“发生”；而take the place of“代替”；
例如：Do you think the robots can take the place of man‘s tasks ？
你认为机器人能代替人的工作吗？
to take over：接管，接任
He is going to take over my job while I am on holiday. 我去度假时他将接替我的工作。
This large company has taken over many small ones. 这个大公司已经接管许多小公司。
to take on 具有；担任（工作等）；雇佣
Don‘t take on more than you can do .不要接受你担负不了的任务。
The city took on a festive air. 这个城市呈现出了一派节日气氛。
The firm took on a new clerk .公司雇了个新职员。