Lesson Eight A Lesson in Living 1.inedible： not fit to be eaten不可食的，不宜食用的2.swirl ：（ cause to ） move or flow at varying speeds ， with twise and turns 涡旋而动，使打旋。
如：A gust of wind swirled dust about the streets . 阵风吹起灰尘弥漫大街。
The snow was swirling in the air .雪花在空中盘旋。
3.…… that would have peeled like a plum if snagged . peel ： came off in stips or flakes剥落，脱皮。
如：The wall-paper seems to be peeling off .墙纸看来要剥落了。
4.let alone ： without reference to ， or considering 更不必说。
如； He doesn‘t have money for food ， let alone amusements.他连吃饭的钱都没有，更甭说娱乐了。
5.incessant ： continual， often repeated ：不断的，不停的。
如：incessant chatter 喋喋不休；incessant rain连绵不断的雨。
6.It would be safe to say that……可以这么说……。
如； It would be safe to say that you would get nowhere if you are so lazy .可以这么说，如果你这样懒惰，你将一事无成。
7.pick her way：慎行。
另如：pick one‘s words精选词语；pick flaws找碴；pick and steal小偷小摸；pick and choose挑三拣四。
8.bear in mind： remember 记住。
如：Please bear in mind that we are friends . 请记住，我们是朋友。
9.infuse them with infuse ： fill 灌输。
如：The coach infused the team with enthusiasm .教练给队员注入了热情。
They tried to infuse them with new ideas .他试图给他们灌输新思路。
10.My imagination boggled at the punishment I would deserve ……
a. boggle ： to overwhelm or bewilder ， as with magnitude or complexity吃惊，受惊，心惊肉跳b. deserve： be worthy of ……值得11. it follows that ……（由……推断）结果自然是…… .如：From what he said ， it follows that he didn‘t like the girl .从他所说的推断，自然是他不喜欢那女孩。
12. That in those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations. a.根据上文* “that”可以理解为in that （即；因为）
b. that 后面是倒装句，正常语序应为：The collective…… was couched in those homely sayings. c. homely： simple ， unpretentious； commonly known ， familiar 朴素的，不华丽的。
如：a homely meal 家常便饭。
d. couch： put（ a thought， etc， in words ）以某种措词表达。
如：They couched criticisms in factful language . 他们用事实的语言表达了批评。
13. search…… for the enchantment……： look through a place carefully in order to find something missing； explore or examine in order to discover仔细寻找。
一般结构为：search + place +（for ） object . 如：He search every drawer for the notebook。 为了找笔记本，他搜遍了每个抽屉。
I search my memory for his name . 我努力在记忆中寻找他的名字。
14. singled …… out： pick or choose （one ） from others单单挑出。
如：He singled me out for special mention . 他单单特别提到了我。
Why single him out for criticism？为什么就单单批评他？
15. take to ： to respond favorably to开始喜欢，迷上。
如：I took to literature long time ago .我很久以前就迷上文学。
Why did you take to bowling ？你为什么迷上保龄球？
16. trail off ： become gradually weaker and fade away（声音等）渐渐消失。
如：His voice trailed off into silence .他的声音慢慢消失，后来什么声音也没有了。
Lesson Nine The Trouble with Television 1. A. prominent anchorman warns of TV‘s adverse effect on America’s culture . a. prominent： outstanding， easily seen， important， distinguished突出的，显著的，重要的，杰出的。
如：a prominent position / writer 显赫的地位、著名作家。
acquire / gain prominence 出人头地。
b. anchorman：（广播，电视）（新闻、体育等节目的）主持人。
c. adverse： unfavorable， contrary 不利的，负面的。
如：adverse circumstances 逆境； adverse effect 负面影响； a theory adverse to the facts 与事实相反的理论。
developments adverse to our interests 与我们的利益相反的发展。
adversary ：（竞争中的）对手。
2. if you fit the statistical averages，……假若你处于平均数……
如；on an （the ） average平均起来，一般来说：On（an） the average， I finish reading a book three weeks .一般而言，我平均三星期读完一本书。
He smoked about ten cigarettas a day on an average .他平均一天抽十根香烟。
3.（be） exposed to ： lay open to使暴露于……
如：Don‘t expose children to ill effects of the Internet .不要让孩子受因特网的负面影响。
Her youth and beauty could expose her to danger . 她的年轻美貌可能为她招致危险。
如；exposure： n . He threatened me with public exposure .他威胁我要把我曝光。
Much exposure to different cultures is part and parcel of education . 大量接触不同文化是教育的主要组成部分。
4.…… it discourages concentration . discourage（prevent ） sb. from ……使……放弃如；The bad weather discouraged them from going out for the picnic .恶劣的天气使他们放弃外出野炊的计划。
It is discouraging that ……很扫兴，……。
dis 加在名词、形容词、动词上，表示否定。
如；able - disable使残废； disasociation分离； discharge放电； discontinue中断； disease疾病（由“ 不舒适” 转危而来）
5. rewarding： affording satisfaction or valuable experience； affording material gain有价值的，有益的。
如：a rewarding experience（effort）有益的经验（尝试）。
6. applied effort ：拚命努力apply oneself to努力进行，致力于。
如：It‘s hard to apply yourself to some dull work . 无聊的工作很难专心致志地干。
He applied himself to serious studies . 他专心致志进行严肃的研究。
7. The dullest， the least gifted of（最没有天赋的）can achieve things that seem miraculous……
a. dull ： slow - witted愚钝的b. miraculous 奇迹般地，不可思议的。另如：work（ accomplish ）
a miracle 创造一个奇迹。
8. divert ： turn in another direction使转向； amuse， entertain娱乐，消遣。
如：Nothing could divert his attention from his book .没有什么能转移他读书的注意力。
The traffic was diverted onto a side road . 交通被引导到旁边的小路。
9. lead ： action of guiding or giving an example 领引，率先。
如：take the lead 领先； follow sb‘s lead 效法某人； gain the lead占居首位。
10. perpetual ： never-ending 永久的。如； perpetual chatter喋喋不休； perpetual motion永恒运动。
11. usurp ： to seize and hold by force or without legal right篡夺，霸占，强夺篡权。
如：The assistant began to usurp his boss‘s authority . 助手开始篡夺老板的权力。
The duke attempted to usurp the throne .公爵试图篡夺王位。
12. surrender （ oneself） to ： to give（ oneself） up to some influence ， course ，etc.沉溺于；沉迷于。
如：He surrendered to despair （ grief） .他沉溺于绝望（悲伤）。
He surrendered himself to a life of pleasure .他沉迷于享乐。
13.the surest way to do sth. is ……做某事的最可靠的方法是……
如：The surest way to succeed is to work hard.取得成功最可靠的方法是努力工作。
14. to strain the attention of strain ： make excessive demands upon使劲用，因过度使用而伤害。
如：strain oneself竭尽全力，劳累过度。
He strained his voice to be heard above the noise 周围太吵，他强拉嗓子大喊，人们才听得见他。
He strained every muscle to life the box .他用尽所有力气举起箱子。
15. inherent in ： existing as a permanent part or quality that cannot be taken out固有的，与生具有的。
如：A love of peace is inherent in human nature . 热爱和平是人固有的本性。
16. …… had bequeathed to us tables of stone commanding that ……
a. bequeath ： hand down， pass on传给后代； to dispose of property or money by means of will 立遗嘱赠与……
如：I bequeath all my worldly goods to my wife .我将我所有的财产赠与我的妻子。
One age bequeaths its civilization to the next .一个时代将其文明留给下一个时代。
b. tablets of stone 石碑。
17. package ： vt. to combine or offer as a single unit 把作为整体提出或推销。adj.一揽子。
如：a package tour由旅行社代办一切的旅行；package deal整批交易。
18. pervade ： become spread throughout all parts of弥漫如：The smell of coffee pervaded the air . 咖啡的气味弥漫在空中。
Practical ideas pervaded the whole land . 整个国家弥漫着实际的思想。
19. it tends to make things ultimately boring and dismissable ……
a. ultimate ： furthest or farthest 最远的。如： an ultimate destination最终目的地。
decisive， conclusive 决定性的。如： the ultimate authority 最终权威。 final， total总数。
如： the ultimate cost最终成本。
b. dismiss： put aside from consideration 驱除。
如：He dismissed the idea for it was just too impractical . 他排除了这个观点，因为那太不合实际了。
20. a substitute for……： a person or thing serving in place of another替代。
如：Guess work is no substitute for investigation . 猜测不能代替调查。
A substitute was sent in when one of the star players was injured . 一位主角受伤了，就派来了一位替身。
substitute for：代替。
如：Who will substitute for you if you are ill？如果你病了，谁替你？
21. （ come ） fall short of： to fail to reach a standard， level， etc. 没达到，赶不上。
如：His income may fall short of his needs .他的收入达不到他的需求。
The result fell short of our expectations . 结果大失我们所望。
22. wholesale ： in large amounts or on a large scale 大量地，不分青红皂白地。
如：The company fired people wholesale last year .公司去年大规模裁员。
wholesale 批发 - retail 零售。