「习题四」
本题共有三段短文，每段短文后面有三至四道小题，共计十道小题。每道题都有四个选择项、找出你认为正确的答案。
Passage 1
The United States is full of automobiles. There are still many families without cars， but some families have two or even more. However， cars are used for more than pleasure. They are a necessary part of life.
Cars are used for business. They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have no other way to get to their jobs. When salesmen are sent to different parts of the city， they have to drive in order to carry their products. Farmers have to drive into the city in order to get supplies.
Sometimes small children must be driven to school. In some cities school bus are used only when children live more than a mile from the school. When the children are too young to walk that far， their mothers take turns driving them to school. One mother drives on Mondays， taking her own children and the neighbors‘ children as well. Another mother drives on Tuesdays， another on Wednesdays， and so on. This is called forming a car pool. Men also form car pools， with three or four men taking turns driving to the place where they all work.
More car pools should be formed in order to put fewer automobiles on the road and to use less gasoline. Parking is a great problem， and so is the traffic in and around cities. Too many cars are being driven. Something will have to be done about the use of cars.
1） According to the passage， which of the following statements is NOT true？
A. Cars are used for pleasure.
B. Cars are used for business.
C. Mothers drive their children to school.
D. Men take turns driving children to school
2） Which of the following situations can be described as “a car pool”？
A. School buses take children to the school.
B. A mother borrowing her neighbor‘s car to go shopping，
C. People take turn driving to work.
D. Farmers drive into the city to get supplies.
3） It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes（ ）。
A. men should not drive to the place where they work
B. people should take turns driving more often
C. salesmen should go to different cities by train
D. children should walk to the school.
Passage 2
Animals cannot be considered equal to human beings because they do not have the same intelligence. There are physical acts that animals share with people， but animals perform these acts instinctively； whereas， human beings normally need to learn them.
One instance of this is the way animals care for their young. A mother cat instinctively will begin licking the baby kittens as soon as they are born. The human mother has fewer instincts about her baby and often needs to turn to others， such as her own mother， a friend， or a neighbor to learn how to care for a baby. Some mothers are so anxious that they spend their entire pregnancy reading books on the subject of caring for infants. Therefore， sales of books on pregnancy and care of children are always popular in urban bookstores.
Other differences between animals and people are in social organization. People build houses and live in family groups， tribes， villages， towns or larger cities. However， many animals， such as bears， never live in groups， but only contact other animals of the same kind to mate. Another difference is that animals live by the laws of nature， often killing other smaller animals for food. They have no feelings about killing even weaker animals of their own kind because in the world of nature， there is constant competition between animals， and only the strongest tend to survive. On the other hand， human beings apply their intelligence to create working societies and laws to prevent the act of killing other people.
4） Animals share some physical acts with people（ ）。
A. and both animals and people perform these acts by instinct.
B. but animals perform these acts by instinct while people learn them
C. but people perform these acts by instinct while animals learn them
D. and both animals and people learn them
5） Books about pregnancy and caring for babies sell well because（ ）。
A. some mothers have no one to turn to for advice
B. mothers are anxious to know what their babies will be like
C. mothers don‘t have many instincts about how to care for their babies
D. mothers have a lot of such books to choose from
6） Which of the following is the best title for this passage？
A. Animal and Humans B. Instinct C. Lifestyle D. Best Sellers
Passage 3
After X rays showed no bones broken， I stopped for some takeout food and pulled onto the highway， worrying about the afternoon‘s appointments. I passed a carton of milk back to my son strapped in his baby seat directly behind me.
“Oh， Mummy， I spilt it. ”My left hand tightened on the wheel as I tried to concentrate on the road while handing him a couple of napkins with my right hand. Then I gave him some chicken， not seeing the abandoned truck on the roadside. Suddenly the world exploded into a roar of tearing metal. Then stillness.
My car had turned 180 degrees and stopped. I was looking through a cracked windshield at three lanes of oncoming traffic. The right front corner of the car was gone.
Though I hurt all over and my mouth was full of blood， I unbuckled （解开） my seat belt， jumped from the car and got my son. He was conscious and shocked. “Mummy……” he said softly. I grabbed him and rushed up the bank， where I clung to him， looking at the wreck that had been our family car.
We were lucky. We came away with our lives. We would be around tomorrow.
That evening my pediatrician （儿科医生） called to inquire about my son‘s leg. When I recounted the accident and my stupidity in tending a child at $0 miles an hour， she told me of another mother who had done the same last winter. For her and two of her three children， there was no tomorrow.
7） When the author says that X rays showed no bones broken， she is referring to（ ）。
A. the baby B. herself C. her patient D. her car
8） The author had the accident because（ ）。
A. there was a children on the road B. an explosion damaged the car
C. she ran into a truck D. some metal in the car was torn up
9） When the author says， “we should be around tomorrow”， she means that the next day they would（ ）。
A. come there again B. take another road
C. be all right again D. go to see the doctor
10） In the last paragraph the sentence “For her and two of her three children， there was no tomorrow” means that（ ）。
A. only one of them survived the accident B. one of them died
C. none of them survived the accident D. all of them were wounded
「习题四答案及分析」
1） D 选项A，B，C能在文章前三段中找到相关的内容，只有选项D是文中没有提到的。
2） C 根据文章第三段中对几位母亲轮流送孩子们去学校的描述，可以推断出“a car pool”指一种汽车共乘，轮流驾驶的情形。选项C就是这样一种情况。
3） B 此题的推断依据是最后一段第一句。
4） B 见文章第二段第一句。
5） C 见文章第二段最后三句。
6） A 全文讲的是人类与动物的区别，选项A最合适。
7） A 见最后一段第一句。call to inquire about my son‘s leg：打电话讯问我儿子的腿的情况。
8） C 见第二段第三句。 not seeing the abandoned truck on the roadside：（只顾给孩子递鸡肉）没有看到路旁被人遗弃的大卡车。
9） C be around起床；活跃。
10） A two of her three children：三个孩子中的两个。 There was no tomorrow：明天已不存在了（在车祸中丧生）。
「习题五」
Passage 1
Governments must take an active part in encouraging people to preserve the environment. One of the best ways everyone can become involved is through recycling.
Recycling is a safe， less costly solution to the problem of waste disposal. It reduces the amount of solid waste taken to landfills and thereby decreases the amount of water and air pollution.
One of the most important reasons for recycling is to preserve natural resources. Recycled materials can be substituted for natural materials ones that come directly from the earth and would reduce such problems as deforestation.
Production of natural materials also uses more fossil fuels and other resources that could be saved by recycling.
Contrary to popular belief， recycling also saves governments and citizens money. For example， businesses and individuals can reduce their waste disposal costs by more than 70 percent by using a recycling program. Also， individuals or communities receive money from selling recyclables to recycling companies. So businesses are not only saving money， they are earning money as well.
Furthermore， production using recycled materials is usually cheaper for a company and reduces the cost of pollution control. In addition， the recycling industry provides employment for hundreds for thousands of people.
In spite of all these benefits， however， recycling is quite limited. A greater effort must be put forth to promote recycling. Governments must become environmentally responsible and act quickly to set recycling goals and implement a recycling program.
1） All of the following are benefits of recycling EXCEPT（ ）。
A. preserving natural resources
B. getting everyone involved
C. saving money
D. creating jobs
2） It can be inferred from the passage that many people believe recycling（ ）。
A. costs money B. saves money C. produces profit D. provides employment
3） What is the purpose of the passage？
A. To tell people that recycling preserves natural resources.
B. To discuss the benefits of recycling
C. To suggest promoting recycling
D. To point out that recycling is still quite limited.
Passage 2
We often hear people talking about a generation gap. The name is new， but the idea is old. Young people and their parents don‘t understand each other. The world keeps changing. It has always kept changing. During the second century after Christ a wise man said： “Bury me on my face because in a little while everything will be turned upside down.”
There has always been a gap between generations： but more people talk about it now. Old Mr. Ellis thinks he understands what has happened：
“When I was a boy， I thought the world was a beautiful place. My life was very pleasant. But when I was older， I learned about people who were treated badly， people who didn‘t have enough to eat. I wanted to help them， and I married a girl who wanted to help them， too. We went to meetings and talked a lot， but it didn’t seem to make much difference.”
“Our children grew up in a world at war. They didn‘t know when the fighting would stop. They wanted their children to have nice clothes and toys. They didn’t want to think about the future. They thought nothing could be done about it.”
“Now I have grandchildren， and they have their own ideas. They are trying to make the world better. They are trying to help other people. They‘re making people listen to them. I am proud of their generation.”
4） The wise man mentioned in the passage told people to bury him on his face so that when everything is turned
upside down he will（ ）。
A. lie on his stomach B. lie on his back C. stand quietly D. sit in peace
5） Which generation did NOT want to do anything to make the world a better one？
A. Mr. Ellis‘ generation
B. his children‘s generation
C. his grandchildren‘s generation
D. none of the above
6） Which generation is/was more efficient in making the world better one？
A. Mr. Ellis‘ generation
B. His children‘s generation
C. His grandchildren‘s generation
D. None of the above
Passage 3
If present trends continue， the world in 2000 will be more crowded， more polluted and less stable ecologically （生态上） than the world we live in now. Serious stresses involving population， resources， and environment are clearly visible ahead. Despite greater mineral output， the world‘s people will be poorer in many ways than they are today.
For hundreds of millions of the extremely poor， the outlook （景况） for food and other necessities of life will be no better. For many it will be worse.
While the economies of the less developed countries are expected to grow at faster rates than those of the industrialized nations， the total national product per head in most less developed countries remains low. The large existing gap between the rich and poor nations widens.
World food production is projected to increase 90 percent from 1970 to 2000.
This translates Into a global per head Increase of less than 15 percent over the same period. The large quantity of that increase goes to countries that already have relatively high per head food consumption. Meanwhile per head consumption in the less developed countries will scarcely improve or will actually decline below present inadequate levels. At the same time， real prices for food are expected to double.
With the expected price increase， many less developed countries will have increasing difficulties meeting energy needs. For the one quarter of mankind that depends primarily on wood for fuel， the outlook is not helpful.
Regional water shortages will become more severe. In the 1970 — 2000 period population growth will cause requirements to double in nearly half the world. Still greater increases would be needed to improve standards of living. Development of new water supplies will become more costly virtually everywhere.
Extinction （灭绝） of plants and animal species will increase dramatically.
Hundreds of thousands of species will be inevitably lost as their natural surroundings vanish， especially in tropical forests.
7） In spite of increased output of goods，（ ）。
A. people will have some difficulty in finding jobs
B. the world‘s resources will become scarce in the near future
C. people will be poorer in 2000 than they are today
D. the living standards of the growing population will be improved at a great rate
8） As the prices for food increase，（ ）。
A. People in less developed countries will be faced with energy problems
B. the economies of the industrialized countries will have to develop on end
C. less developed countries are sure to raise the output of food production
D. the large gap between the rich and poor remains unchanged
9） In order to improve living standards， it would be necessary（ ）。
A. to make population slow down
B. to control pollution immediately
C. to save various kinds of plants and animals urgently
D. to develop new water supplies
10） What is the best title of the passage？
A. Keeping the Balance of Ecology
B. Visions of the Future
C. Exploiting Resources of the Future
D. Avoiding the World‘s Economic Crisis
「习题五答案及分析」
1） B 选项B是作者认为政府应该做到的事，其它三个选项才是回收再利用的好处。
2） A 文章第四段第一句话说：与一般想法相反，回收再利用可以省钱。由此可知，一般认为回收再利用是一件花钱的事。
3） C 全文讨论了回收再利用的好处，但文章的重点句-第一句和最后一句-可以看出，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是倡导政府进一步加强回收再利用。
4） B 智者感觉世界变化太快，过不多久就会发生翻天覆地的变化，所以让人把他脸朝下埋葬，这样整个世界颠倒个儿的时候，他就跟着翻了个个儿，变成脸朝上了。当然，这是一种幽默的说法。
5） B 见文章后三段。
6） C 从文章第三段和最后一段可以看出，Mr. Ellis那一代人虽然也去参加很多集会，进行宣传，但似乎没起到什么作用（it didn‘t seem to make much difference）；而他的孙子辈这一代人使人们听进了他们的宣传（They’re making people listen to them），因而他们比Mr.Ellis那一代人干得好。
7） C 见文章第一段最后一句。
8） A 见文章第五段第一句。
9） D 见文章第六段第一至第三句。
10） B 这是一道考标题的问题。文章第一句topic sentence就是预测2000年世界的前景，后面各段都是具体展开，这与选项C“未来的景象／情况”相符。